230 FIRST LATIN BOOK. [571, 572.

5. Masculine and feminine case-endings.

Noni. Gen. Dat. Acc. Voc. Abl.
Sang. . . is, i, 6m, (im), . . é i),
Plur. es, fun (112m), ibus, es, es, ibfin.

Ram. L-Thc inclosed endings im and i belong only to a few words.

Rem. 2.—The ending £12m of the genitive plural occurs in the following classes o!
nouns; v1z., ,
l) Neuters in e, al, and ar; as, mare, mdriﬁvn; animal, animdliﬁm.
2) Nouns in is and es of Class Ill. ; as, hostis, hostiilm ; mlbés, 112212132111.
3) All monosyllables in s or: preceded by a consonant; as, urbs, urhiin ,-
crx, arci 11m.
4) Nouns in ns and rs (though in these aim is sometimes used); as, cliens,
clienti 11m ; cohors, cohortiﬁm.

6. Neuter ease-endings.
Nom. Gen. Dat. Acc. Voc. Abl

Sing. . . is, i. . . . . é (i),
Pa”. a (a), ﬁm (ifim), ibﬁs, a (i5), a (ii), ‘ibﬁs
Ram-The inclosed endings belong to neuters in e, al, and ar.

571. CLASS I. comprises nouns in c,* l, n, r, t, and y. These
either have the root the same as the nominative singular, or form it
(with a few exceptions) by one of the following slight vowel-changes:

1) Nouns in lér and bér generally drop e inthe root: as, pater,
a ﬁither ; root, pair.

2) Nouns in En generally change é into i. in the root; as,
ﬂizmén, a river; roohﬂfzmin.

S) Nouns in 1'1! change 21 into i in the root; as, cﬁpfzt, a head;
root, cdpil.

Ran-The quantity ofthe radical vowel is sometimes changed ; this is the case in
most nouns in d! and ﬁr, which generally lengthen the vowel in the root.

572. CLASS II. comprises nouns of the third declension in a, n,
and a fe\v in i. These form the root by adding a letter to the
nominative singular. D

1) Nouns in a, and a few in i, add t; as, pnémé, a poem;
root, poémﬁt: ltyclroméli, mead; root, hydironzélit.
2) Nouns in o add n; as, lei‘), a lion; root, leon.

Stem. 15-0 is long in the root.

Rem. 2.—Nouns in do and go change a into l, before n in the root; as, virgo, n vir
gin; root, rirgin. '

'5' 'I‘hcre. are only two nouns of this ending, one of which belongs w
( duos ll.