GEOGRAPHY OF PLANTS. 65

the natives of the Spice Islands, the clove and nutmeg trees, pepper and mace. Cinnamon bushes clothe the surface of Ceylon f‘ the odori- ferous sandal Wood, the ebony tree, the teak tree, the banyan, grow in the East Indies. In the same latitudes in Arabia the Happy we find balm, frankincense, and myrrh, the coffee tree, and the tamarind. But in these countries, at least in the plains, the trees and shrubs which decorate our more northerly climes are want- ing. And as we go northwards, at every step we change the vegetable group, both by addi- tion and by subtraction. In the thickets to the west of the Caspian Sea we have the apricot, citron, peach, walnut. In the same latitude in Spain, Sicily, and Italy, we find the dwarf palm, the cypress, the chestnut, the cork tree : the orange and lemon tree perfume the air with their blossoms; the myrtle and pomegranate grow wild among the rocks. WVe cross the Alps, and we find the vegetation which belongs to northern Europe, of which England affords an instance. The oak, the beech, and the elm are natives of Great Britain: the elm tree seen in Scotland, and in the north of England, is the wych elm. As we travel still further to the north the forests again change their character. In theynorthern provinces of the Russian empire are found forests of the various species of firs:

"‘ Barton, Geography of Plants. W. F