INDEX leadership in, 327; natural selection in, 329 California Institute of Technology, 327 Cambodia, ruins in, 10 f. Cambridge University, cephalic index at, 31 Campbell, G., 168, I95 f., 197 f., 374 Canada, ice in, 63; scientists from, 312 Canals, in Shantung, I71 Cannibalism, in China, I77 f., 188 f. Canton, 199, 202; first Chinese in, 149; Hakkas in, 167 Cantonese, character of, 160 Cape Horn, 91 Caravan roads, importance of, I31 Caribbean Sea, colonization schemes in, 302 Carr-Saunders, 362, 374 Caspian race, Dixon's, 83 f., 89, 207, 209, 257 Caspian-Mediterranean blend, 9o, 92 Cathay, I52 Catholics, eminence among, 320. See Roman Catholic Church Cattell, J. McK., 342, 346, 358 f., 374 Caucasus, migrations in, 59 Celibacy, 340 fl". Central America, civilization in, 61; ruins in, 11 Central Asia, decline of glacial period in, 58; migrations in, 57; upheaval of, 27 Central Europe, migrations in, 77 Cephalic Index, 77 (map); 79 (map). See Head form, Broad-heads, Long- heads, and Round-heads Chang La, 26 Channing, W. E., 325 Chaplicka, quoted, 7o Character, of Americans, 333; of Dutch, 333; of English, 333; and environ- ment, 286 f.; geographical distribu- tion of, 215 17.; of Germans, 333; of Indians, 65; of Turks, 333 Charity, among Chinese, 192; and na- tural selection, 336 Charlemagne, 258 f., 261 Chehsi, 182 Chekiang, 180, 182; famines in, 196; Hakkas in, 196; officials from, 161 Chemists, children of, 358 Chi, 178 Chicago, age of fathers in, 365 Chihli, famines in, 177 f.; migrations from, 200 17.; officials from, I61 Children, 357; effect of migrations on, 13, 304; per family, 194, 35317.; mortality 381 of, in Crete, 238; sale of, in China, 177, 187 f. Ch’in, 148 China, early migrations in, 21, 58; Eu- ropean contact with, 164 f.; famines in, 170 17.; history of, 148, 179, 203 17.; leaders in, 155, 16o f.; progress in, 6o; rainfall in, 17o flI; selection in, 362; social origins in, 60 Chinese, vs. Americans, 337; brains of, 78; head form of, 77; as invaders, 148; in Manchuria, 20o; natural selection among, 184 f.; officials (map), 161; physique of, 185, 333 f. ; warlike quality 0f, I55 Chinese Bannermen, 161 Chinook Indians, 103 Chios, 242 Chosen, 58 Christianity, in Iceland, 269, 289, 292 f.; origin of, I33 f. Chronicles, book of, 130 Chukchees, 53; hysteria among, 70; sui- cide among, 69 Churchill family, 367 Cities, birth rate in, 346; effect on selec- tion, 193 f.; leadership in, 346 f., 348, 352; Mediterranean, 213; test of, 3461f. Cityman, 7, 371 Civilization, defined, 228; European, 335; and glaciation, 332 f.; localization of, 59; map, 225; origin, 60; racial ten- dencies of, 3321i‘. Clapham, 78 Clarke, E. I": s09 .17» s49, s74 Clarke, J. F., 324 Class distinctions, in America, 307 Clay, as food, 179 Cleanliness, relation to climate, 289 Clergymen, children of, 31817., 321, 34217. Cleomenes, 246 Climate, of California, 328f.; China, I64, I70; Greece, 247; Iceland, 273; Ireland, 2481f; North Sea region, 252 f.; Nor- way, 219; Sicily, 219, 268 Climate, effects of, on civilization, 88; in cold regions, 65; evolution, 34; famines. 183; health, 289 f.; human character, 92, 288 f.; human origins, 22; leader- ship, 329; migrations, 349 Climatic changes, 55, 206; in Iceland, 293 f.; and migrations, 205 f.; in Nor- way, 260 fl. Climatic cycles, 47 Climatic energy, 88; map, 232 Clothing, 21